|
|
Natural enemies of the European spruce bark beetle \kur{Ips typographus}
BÁRTA, Jiří
Bark beetles (Scolitynae) are among the most important pests of forest stands, where they cause extensive damage, especially in spruce monocultures. Their negative effect is to attack the host tree, which is its source of food and at the same time provides them with space for reproduction. The bark beetle is able to have several generations per year under suitable temperature conditions. One of the most widespread is consi-dered to be the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. This species is able to search for weakened and abiotically damaged trees. Integrated Pest Management of forests includes several effective methods against bark beetles. The most used met-hods include the installation of feromone traps, traps trees and poisoned tripods. The European spruce bark beetle is in their population regulated by many natural enemies. From parasitoids such as Coeloides bostrichorum and Rhopalicus tutela and predators Thanasimus formicarius and Medetera spp. to pathogenic microorganisms such as entomopathogenic viruses, bacteria, protozoa, microsporidia and especially entomo-pathogenic fungi belonging to the order Hypocreales. The most important species is the fungus Beauveria bassiana, which has the greatest potential in the biological pro-tection of spruce stands.
|
|
|
Cereal pests and their natural enemies
Honěk, Alois ; Martinková, Zdena ; Platková, Hana ; Saska, Pavel ; Skuhrovec, Jiří
The methodology mainly summarizes the new results and experiences of the author's team, which has been studying the biology of some cereal pests and their natural enemies for a long time. The aim is to draw attention to selected species of pests, to provide instructions on how to recognize them, in some cases to find out their current numbers in cereal stands and within the possibilities of current knowledge to predict further development of their abundance in a given stand and estimate yield reduction. Another goal is to recapitulate protection options with an emphasis on the use of natural enemies. The third goal is enlightenment. The methodology provides an accessible way to understand the biology and population development processes of cereal pests (especially aphids) so that the reader does not remain a blind user of unwarranted practical instructions, but can decide for himself according to the immediate situation.
Fulltext:  PDF
|
|
|
Optimization of using of pesticides against pests in system of integrated production of vegetable
Kocourek, František ; Holý, Kamil ; Stará, Jitka
Methodology is addressed to farmers and growers of Brassica vegetable, mainly for growers in system of integrated production of vegetable. Methodology contain information and recommendation for control against main pests of Brassica vegetable necessary for implementation of principles of integrated control in agreement with legislation requirements valid from 2014. Selection of means against pests is based on evaluation of pre-harvest period of active substances of pesticides and evaluation of side effects of these substances on nontarget organisms. For each active substance of pesticide and evaluated vegetable species, data about residue degradation in dependence on time from term of application. According to residue degradation of pesticides in vegetable it is possible to state action pre-harvest periods for low-residue and no-residue vegetable production. Data about side effects on natural enemies and other non-target organisms are given for each active substance of pesticide allowed in EU for vegetable control including substances potentially available for allowing in the Czech Republic. According this knowledge it is possible to rank the active substance into green, yellow and red list of pesticides for integrated system of Brassica vegetable production.
Fulltext: PDF
|
guest ::
